Craters of extinct and passive volcanoes are circular depressions in the
ground caused by ancient volcanic activities. It is typically a basin,
circular in form within which occurs a vent (or vents). Because of their
inaction these craters are mostly suffered many changes caused by
atmospheric and human factors. Unusual and beautiful volcanic cones,
traces of human activity, lush vegetation and colorful crater lakes are
the main reasons why many tourists visit these extraordinary
destinations.
01. Diamond Head, Hawaii — USA
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Diamond Head is the name of a volcanic tuff cone on the Hawaiian island
of O?ahu. Its name was given by British sailors in the 19th century, who
mistook calcite crystals embedded in the rock for diamonds. This crater
is a defining feature of the view known to residents and tourists of
Waikiki alike.
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The volcanic tuff cone is a United States State Monument. While part of
it serves as a platform for antennas used by the U.S. government and is
closed to the public, the crater's proximity to Honolulu's resort hotels
and beaches makes the rest of it a popular destination.
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The interior was the home to Fort Ruger, the first United States
military reservation on Hawaii. Only a National Guard facility remains
in the crater. An FAA air traffic control center was in operation from
1963 to 2001. Link — Map
02. Kelimutu — Indonesia
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Kelimutu is a volcano, close to the small town of Moni in central Flores
Island of Indonesia. The volcano contains three striking summit crater
lakes of varying colors. Tiwu Ata Mbupu (Lake of Old People) is usually
blue and is the westernmost of the three lakes.
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The other two lakes, Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (Lake of Young Men and
Maidens) and Tiwu Ata Polo ( Enchanted Lake) are separated by a shared
crater wall and are typically green or red respectively. The lake colors
vary on a periodic basis. Subaqueous fumaroles are the probable cause
of active upwelling that occurs at the two eastern lakes.
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The visitor is never quite sure what color the lakes will be when they
reach the top as they vary significantly. Unlike other crater lakes
where the color variation can be predicted, this is not the case with
these three lakes. The colors you see here are blue, green and black
(and they predominate) yet the lakes also change to white, red and blue
too. Link 1 2 — Map
03. Crater in Rocas Bainbridge,Galapagos Islands — Ecuador
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This wonderful islet is located in Rocas Bainbridge - a chain of
volcanic cones off the southeastern coast of Santiago Island, Galapagos.
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Turquoise lake nestled in the crater of this extinct volcano is a
shallow saltwater lake. It is a meeting place for a large number of
flamingos, who come here to feed. Link — Map
04. Xico — Mexico
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Xico volcano sits at the extreme southern end of the Mexico City
megalopolis. For a geologically significant chunk of time, this area was
underwater, drowned by Lake Chalco. The lake began to dry out in the
1300s, and Aztec fishermen settled along its coastline hereabouts. In
the nineteenth century, the government drained the lake entirely; the
fishermen were awarded communal land grants and told to become farmers.
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Farming became intensive in the 1970s, when corporate agriculturists and
desperate landless peasants struck illegal or quasi-legal deals with
the communal organizations and wrested control of the rich volcanic
soil. Thousands and thousands of families poured into the region, hoping
for work. Farmers climbed over the rim of the volcano and plowed fields
inside the crater. Xico the town sprawled right up to the ramparts of
Xico the crater and appears likely to soon engulf it; in 2005, the
population of the municipality was 330,000. Link — Map
05. Molokini, Hawaii — USA
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Molokini is a crescent-shaped, partially submerged volcanic crater which
forms a small islet located in Alalakeiki Channel between the islands
of Maui and Kaho?olawe, part of Maui County in Hawai?i. It has an area
of 23 acres (93,169 sq m), a diameter of about 0.4 miles (0.6 km), and
is located about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Makena State Park and south
of Ma?alaea Bay. It is a popular tourist destination for scuba diving,
snuba and snorkeling.
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This place is one of the top 10 dive spots in the world. Molokini's
crescent shape protects divers from waves and the channel's powerful
currents. The crater houses a lush reef with excellent visibility as
deep as 150 feet (46 m). Molokini is home to about 250 species of fish,
many endemic. The islet is a Hawaii State Seabird Sanctuary. Link — Map
06. Seongsan Ilchulbong — South Korea
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Seongsan Ilchulbong, also called ‘Sunrise Peak’, is an archetypal tuff
cone formed by hydrovolcanic eruptions upon a shallow seabed about 4
thousand years ago.
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Situated on the eastern seaboard of Jeju Island and said to resemble a
gigantic ancient castle, this tuff cone is 182 meters (600 ft) high, has
a preserved bowl-like crater and also displays diverse inner structures
resulting from the sea cliff.
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These features are considered to be of geologic worth, providing
information on eruptive and depositional processes of hydromagmatic
volcanoes worldwide as well as past volcanic activity of Seongsan
Ilchulbong itself. This volcanic crater has a lush vegetation and is
home to 6 rare plant species. Link — Map
07. Nabiyotum Crater — Kenya
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Nabiyotum Crater is located in the south of Lake Turkana in Kenya - the
world's largest alkaline lake. Because of its beautiful and unusual
appearance, this crater represents a geological wonder of the lake. Link — Map
08. Aogashima — Japan
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Aogashima is a volcanic Japanese island in the Philippine Sea,
administered by Tokyo and located approximately 358 kilometres (222 mi)
south of Tokyo. It is the southernmost and most isolated inhabited
island of the Izu archipelago.
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The biggest attraction is Aogashima’s double volcano. The island itself
is a giant volcanic crater, and within that crater there’s another,
smaller volcano.
The smaller cone is located within the larger volcanic cone Link
Aogashima is a complex volcanic island 3.5 km (2.2 mi) in length with a
maximum width of 2.5 km (1.55 mi). The island is surrounded by very
steep rugged cliffs of layered volcanic deposits. The southern coast
also rises to a sharp ridge forming one edge of a caldera named
Ikenosawa with a diameter of 1.5 km (0.9 mi). The caldera dominates the
island, with one point on its southern ridge, Otonbu with a height of
423 metres (1,388 ft), as the island’s highest point. The caldera is
occupied by a secondary cone named Maruyama.
One part of the village is located in the crater Link
The village of Aogashima administers the island under Hachijo
Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis. As of 2009, the island's population
was 205. Aogashima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu
National Park. Link — Map
09. Santa Margarida Volcano — Spain
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The Santa Margarida Volcano is a volcano in the comarca of Garrotxa,
Catalonia, Spain. The volcano has a perimeter of 2 kilometers (1.25 mi)
and a height of 682 meters (2.240 ft) and is part of the Garrotxa
Volcanic Zone Natural Park. The hermitage of Santa Margarida, after
which the volcano was named, is inside the crater of the volcano. The
building was destroyed in 1428 during the 1428 Catalonia earthquake and
rebuilt in 1865.
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Situated in the center of a dormant volcano in Catalonia, the crater
seems to open up to reveal a tiny stone shack. There is not a single
building in the depressed area, just the hermitage. Covered in dense
vegetation on all sides, the shack is bizarrely situated on flat arid
land in the middle of the formation.
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The region is well known for its volcanic zone and is regularly visited,
but there is almost no information on the hermitage. Travelers can only
hope the volcano doesn't suddenly erupt, leaving the world with no
knowledge and no remains of this unusual site. Link 1 2 — Map
10. Koko Crater, Hawaii — USA
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Koko Crater is a massive cinder cone that visually dominates the area of
Koko Head - the headland that defines the eastern side of Maunalua Bay
along the southeastern side of the Island of Oahu in Hawaii.
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Within the crater are horse stables and the Koko Crater Botanical Garden
specializing in cacti and succulents. Botanical garden has an area of
60 acres. The hot, dry climate here makes this garden the ideal location
for the dryland collections of the Honolulu Botanical Gardens. Link 1 2 — Map
Extra: Man-Made Crater as an Expression of Art — Ireland
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